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AUTHOR'S ENGLISH WRTING GUIDE
Writing with confidence without overstating your results
Scientists can struggle to find the balance between conveying the importance of their research and findings without overstating their results. Being assertive reinforces that your research warrants attention. Generally, you want to state your results using direct and positive language. Weak language can detract from your main points and fail to attract interest in your research. Using phrases with many caveats and exceptions can sound uncertain, weakening your results. Examples of phrases to avoid are given below.
Example 1
Scientists can struggle to find the balance between conveying the importance of their research and findings without overstating their results. Being assertive reinforces that your research warrants attention. Generally, you want to state your results using direct and positive language. Weak language can detract from your main points and fail to attract interest in your research. Using phrases with many caveats and exceptions can sound uncertain, weakening your results. Examples of phrases to avoid are given below.
Example 2
On the other hand, overconfidence should also be avoided. Overconfidence is when your assertions are aggressive or unquestionable in nature. Science is skeptical, with vast amounts of evidence required to advance a hypothesis to the level of theory or law. Some examples to avoid are given below.
Example 3
Word choice is particularly important when conveying your findings, and some words have a specific meaning or implication in science writing. The term “significant” is a common example of this. In the majority of science writing, the term “significant” is used to refer to statistical significance. Thus, using it for any other purpose can be misleading and cause confusion with regard to your statistical results. Alternatives to the word “significant” include “noteworthy,” “substantial,” “considerable,” or “meaningful.”
Example 5
Another term to be aware of is “prove” (including proof / proved / proven), which should be generally avoided when describing the results of research. The term “prove” suggests that the finding can be accepted as fact, without doubt; we must be cautious about overstating our findings. Thus, the terms “suggest,” “indicate,” or “demonstrate” are much more appropriate for most papers. Except for its obvious mathematical use, “proof” can generally be replaced with “evidence.”
Example 7
Finally, claims of first discovery are a growing concern among a number of journals. Phrases such as “This is the first study to…” and “We provide the first evidence that…” are overused and generally unnecessary. Every study is providing important new insight into a topic, or it would not have been published. It is more useful to state what previous research has established on the topic, what remains to be clarified, and then to describe how your findings fit into that gap.
Example 9
To improve the likelihood your paper will be published, an appropriate level of confidence is crucial. However, ensure that you avoid the abovementioned pitfalls of overconfidence and overstating your results, which can lead to rejection or need for extensive revisions. |
